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| 28-11-2006 |
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| Although you are not a party, how do you see your political role? |
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| Justice and Spirituality is a proactive missionary group dedicated to the renewal of Islamic thought. What is at stake for us is the human being, whom we seek to prepare through a proper religious foundation. Our mission is to show people that what they have heard about Islam is simply one interpretation favored by the rulers in power—no more, no less—and to present them with another interpretation. We do not believe in violence as a means of change, but instead advocate using political means. Observers have drawn a parallel between our methods and those of Chairman Mao, but his revolution was violent whereas we have embarked on a long-term and hard grassroots project even under the existing political system. |
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| Has the participation of the Party of Justice and Development [PJD] in the political and legislative process affected the ideology or goals of your group? |
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| There was no influence at all on Justice and Spirituality's work plan or methods, as we rely on a firmly-grounded thinking, rather than emotions, to achieve our goals; and whoever decides to join our ranks has to first adhere to our founding principles and goals. |
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| The enormous numbers of educated young people who have joined the group's ranks prove that it is proceeding on the right track. The greatest evidence of this is that we have an overwhelming majority of supporters on the ground. |
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| As to our participation, it is contingent on the respect of our conditions by the regime, knowing that it is unconceivable that it commits such a suicidal act as accepting our provisions on the top of which comes the amendment of the Moroccan constitution. |
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| What are your group's priorities on the question of applying the sharia (Islamic law)? |
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| First, we need to understand what sharia means; is it only the code of penalties or is it dynamic and in need of rediscovery? The problem with Muslims is that they have come to understand the sharia as set texts. And the history of Muslims and the modes of governance of their countries padlocked this kind of conception even more. We envision the sharia as a spirit that the heart must discover. This is why our spiritual educational programs, which are related to Sufi (Islamic mystic) schools, are so important. |
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| Thus, the most important thing in this field is the preparation of a new generation to acquire the essential tools of intellectual ijtihad (interpretation) in all fields—particularly women, who have been consistently wronged when ijtihad was performed before. The group's General Guide Abdessalam Yassine emphasizes that the tragedy of Muslims is due largely to the lack of female knowledge of ijtihad, or, more precisely, the exclusion of women from ijtihad. We are now seeing a renaissance of thought relating to women, who are returning to academic life generally and particularly to ijtihad in order to acquire real skills. |
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| What are the impediments that hinder making ijtihad? |
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| The door of ijtihad is open in Islam. We have no ecclesiastical structure as in Christianity, but we must define the channels for ijtihad. It should take place under the auspices of a real, democratically chosen parliament that springs from the will of the people, unlike the current parliament. Only that would allow men and women of science and religion, and all constituents of the society to practice an ijtihad that would be aimed for people's wellbeing. Because, in my opinion, individual ijtihad is utterly unfeasible nowadays if we consider the multiplication of sciences, specializations and methodologies. |
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| Where are your strongholds of support in Morocco? |
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| We represent all echelons of Moroccan society—from computer scientists to cobblers—but really most members are from the intelligentsia. Only those who are qualified can push through a program or intellectual vision. Socio-economically speaking, we represent the middle class, because the rich, fearing for their fortunes, would never join a revolutionary political group. |
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| How are relations between the group and the government? |
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| Justice and Spirituality is moderate and has brought balance to the Moroccan scene. This is actually fortunate for the regime, because the group's members are young people—the average age is between 30 and 35 years—who are living through very tough times economically, which could lead to an explosion. We take this anger and try to channel it into organized political action, so the regime actually—though unwillingly—welcomes us as opposed to other movements that believe in nothing but violence. |
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| In fact, when young men are arrested at demonstrations and police learn that they are members of the Justice and Spirituality, they let them go. And strangely enough, when many who were arrested proclaimed to belong to our movement, police started testing them on our theory and thinking. So the regime has experienced us for thirty years and knows full well that we are a group that believes in level-headed political action, not in violence as it is the case for some groups described as Jihadists. (Editor's note: This interview was conducted before the arrest of a number of Justice and Spirituality activists in June.) |
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| What is your position regarding the personal status law (Mudawwana)? |
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| We were the first to demand that the old Mudawwana be abolished, because we see personal status laws in all Arab and Muslim countries as a reflection of the regimes' power. The autocratic and dictatorial system perpetuates this crisis, in which power and judgment are in the hands of the man within the ruling family itself, as though the Arab regimes wanted to relieve themselves of 50 percent of the population they rule—i.e. women. So the Mudawwana gave power to men in the name of religion. In fact it is not part of religion at all, but rather an interpretation introduced by the Ummayads and Abbasids who revolted against true sharia that gives women a whole host of rights and prerogatives, reverting instead to the heathen patriarchal system upon which the Prophet Muhammad had declared war. Therefore, the Mudawwana should be abolished and put in the dustbin of history once and for all. Justice and spirituality directly caused the change of the Mudawwana through contesting it and demanding to cancel it and give women a more important role in the political scene. Women's problem is not Islam but the regime; the proof is when they went back to the fundamentals of Islam they found a multitude of rights granted to women. Hence, the choice was essentially political not religious. |
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| How can you, as a group, affect change without political participation? |
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| We are practicing something like guerrilla warfare against the regime—not in a bloody sense, but rather symbolically with hit-and-run tactics. We try to spread political and intellectual awareness, which weakens the regime's grip on power. Justice and Spirituality has made change possible by the emboldening of a civil society founded by the regime, but which has now moved beyond its control. For example, when I declared in public that I was in favor of a republican system I knew I had five years of jail waiting for me. Since that time the press has begun to criticize the King, whom the constitution reveres as sacred. |
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| Justice and Spirituality will only participate in the political process after the current constitution is changed to one appropriate to the times in which we live and the old one is thrown into the dustbin of history—especially parts that sanctify the King and ensure he holds all the levers of power. The alternative we put forth to the constitution is an Islamic Covenant (mithaq), which will serve as the basis for a real civil society to replace the façade that the regime has built. Parties in our country are the creation of our politically declining, economically trailing regime. The only alternative we have is to challenge on an intellectual level and struggle for freedoms and a real civic society. |
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| What form of government do you advocate? |
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| To a great extent, the Western democratic model is the one we wish to implement. We believe that the community of the Prophet was not like the complex society of today, and that Western democracy developed many principles similar to the concept of consultation (shura) in Islam. We call for the separation of powers, a free and independent parliament, an independent judiciary, and, most importantly, interest in reforming the individual human being, who has become corrupt. We began our revolution thirty years ago with the goal of reforming and preparing Moroccans after the destruction we have suffered under the current system, which has brought us ignorance, unemployment, illiteracy, poverty, anger, and tyranny. Even Friday's sermons are meant to convey the message that the citizen is nothing and the ruler is the one in control. |
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| We will not import a carbon-copy of Western democracy because it, too, suffers from its own problems. Youth's deserting of the political arena and the wide gap that is taking place between the governors and their peoples in the West are viable examples of that. Instead, we will take from it whatever can benefit us and make it conform to our circumstances so that we can avert the crises experienced by Western democracy. For each society has its own particularities. |
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| *This interview was conducted by Kyle McEneaney and translated from Arabic by Judd King. The translation has been reviewed by the editorial staff after notification of the Foundation. |
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